Amid the ongoing public exchange between Seun Kuti, son of Afrobeat pioneer Fela Anikulapo Kuti, and global music star Wizkid over the legacy and direction of Nigerian music, renewed attention has turned to the life and influence of the genre’s founder.
Widely regarded as the pioneer of Afrobeat, Fela Anikulapo Kuti created a groundbreaking fusion of music, politics and cultural identity that reshaped African soundscapes and inspired generations of artists. His work laid the foundation upon which contemporary Nigerian and global music continue to build.
Understanding Fela’s journey provides important context for today’s debates on authenticity, artistic purpose and the evolution of Afrobeat from its revolutionary roots to its modern, globally recognised form.
Here are 15 key things to know about the life and legacy of Fela Anikulapo Kuti:
1. His full name and roots
Fela was born Olufela Olusegun Oludotun Ransome-Kuti on October 15, 1938, in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. He came from an influential family; his mother, Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, was a renowned women’s rights activist, while his father, Reverend Israel Ransome-Kuti, was an educationist.
2. Classical music foundation
Fela studied classical music and trumpet at Trinity College of Music in London. During his time abroad, he was exposed to jazz and political ideas that would later shape both his sound and his worldview.
3. Birth of Afrobeat
Fela is the pioneer and creator of Afrobeat, a genre that blends traditional African rhythms, jazz, funk, highlife, and socially conscious lyrics. Afrobeat became his weapon for cultural expression and political resistance.
4. Transformation in the United States
A defining turning point in Fela’s life came during his visit to the United States in 1969, where he met Sandra Izsadore, a civil rights activist. She introduced him to Black Power ideology, Pan-Africanism, and the works of Malcolm X, radically changing his political direction.
5. Name change and philosophy
Fela dropped the colonial surname “Ransome” and adopted Anikulapo, meaning “the one who carries death in his pouch.” The change reflected his rejection of colonial influence and his embrace of African identity and self-determination.
6. Kalakuta Republic
Fela founded the Kalakuta Republic, a self-declared independent commune that served as his home, studio, and political base. It became a symbol of resistance to military rule and a target of repeated government attacks.
7. Africa Shrine and live performances
Fela’s performances at the Afrika Shrine were legendary. His shows were part concert, part political rally, featuring extended songs, powerful lyrics, and direct criticism of corruption, oppression, and military dictatorship.
8. Music as political protest
Unlike many musicians of his time, Fela used music openly as a form of protest. Songs such as Zombie, Sorrow, Tears and Blood, Coffin for Head of State, and Authority Stealing directly challenged Nigeria’s ruling elite.
9. Repeated arrests and persecution
Fela was arrested over 200 times by Nigerian authorities on various charges, many widely seen as politically motivated. Despite harassment, beatings, and imprisonment, he remained defiant and outspoken.
10. The 1977 Kalakuta raid
One of the darkest moments in Fela’s life occurred in 1977 when soldiers raided Kalakuta Republic, burning it to the ground. His mother was thrown from a window during the attack and later died from complications related to her injuries.
11. Unconventional personal life
Fela was known for his nonconformist lifestyle, including marrying 27 women in a single ceremony in 1978. His personal choices challenged social norms and reinforced his image as a radical figure.
12. Political ambitions
Fela attempted to enter Nigerian politics, forming the Movement of the People (MOP) party and declaring his intention to run for president. Though unsuccessful, the move underscored his belief that true change required political action.
13. International recognition
Fela’s influence extended far beyond Africa. His music gained a global following, influencing artists across jazz, hip-hop, funk, and alternative music. He is widely regarded as one of Africa’s most influential musicians.
14. Death and legacy
Fela died on August 2, 1997, from complications allegedly related to AIDS. His death marked the end of an era, but his message, music, and spirit of resistance continue to resonate worldwide.
15. Enduring cultural impact
Today, Fela remains a symbol of artistic freedom, political courage, and African pride. His sons, Femi and Seun Kuti, have continued his musical and activist legacy, ensuring that Afrobeat remains a powerful voice against injustice.
